ʯīϩH֪һN߀dzϊ(jin)Ӳ|(zh)Ҝfӵٶȱ֪(do)w
ʯīϩ̼ԭcʯīĆԭӌ̼ͬԭsp2܉ʷ䳲(honeycomb crystal lattice)И(gu)ɵĆΌӶSwʯīϩ̼ԭӺ乲r(ji)IγɵԭӳߴW(wng)ʯīϩ(li)Ӣĵgraphite(ʯī) + -ene(ϩY(ji)β)ʯīϩJ(rn)ƽh(hun)NԭӾw
ʯīϩĽY(ji)(gu)dz(wn)̼̼Icarbon-carbon bondH1.42Åʯīϩ(ni)̼ԭ֮gBӺg(dng)ʩʯīϩr(sh)̼ԭ(hu)׃ʹ̼ԭӲЁ(li)m(yng)ĶֽY(ji)(gu)(wn)@N(wn)ľY(ji)(gu)ʹʯīϩЃ(yu)Č(do)⣬ʯīϩе܉Ƅ(dng)r(sh)(hu)ȱݻ(li)ԭӶl(f)ɢԭgʮ֏(qing)ڳ£ʹ܇̼ԭӰl(f)Dײʯīϩ(ni)ܵĸɔ_ҲdzС
ʯīϩǘ(gu)̼ͬخwĻԪʯīľ̼̿{ܺϩʯīϩǶSֻ߅(Ƚ߅); ߅κ߅δt(hu)(gu)ʯīϩȱݡ12(g)ʯīϩ(hu)ͬγɸϩ
ʯīϩɈAͰοÞ̼{ܣʯīϩ߀ɏwܣballistic transistor˴ƌW(xu)ҵdȤ 20063W(xu)ԺоT, ɹʯīϩƽ(chng)Ч(yng)w^y(c)ӸЧ(yng)ڴ˽Y(ji)оʯīϩĵ·.
ʯīϩĆ(wn)ȫоᳱ֪һN|(zh)Ϸdzϊ(jin)ӲҜؠrfӵٶȱ֪(do)wʯīϩԭӳߴY(ji)(gu)dz⣬ӈ(chng)ՓL
ʯīϩһNSwӵ\(yn)(dng)ٶ_(d)˹ٵ1/300h(yun)h(yun)^(gu)һ㌧(do)wе\(yn)(dng)ٶȡ@ʹʯīϩе(zhn)_أ(yng)Q顰dӡ(electric charge carrier)|(zh)(du)ՓԵӷdzơ˂Ҋ(jin)ʯīһӌԷCеƽ̼ԭӶѯBγɵʯīČg^xγɱʯīƬ(dng)ʯīƬɆΌ֮@Nֻһ(g)̼ԭӺȵĆΌӾʯīϩ [1]l(f)չ(jin)ʷһʯīϩֹϏ(qing)IJϣ(j)y(c)ʯīϩƳɺஔ(dng)ͨʳƷϰbȵıĤȼs100 {ףôܴܳsɇƷĉڔڶʯīϩό(do)õIJе\(yn)(dng)ٶ_(d)˹ٵ1/300h(yun)h(yun)^(gu)һ㌧(do)wе\(yn)(dng)ٶȡ ʯīϩđ(yng)÷V(j)ʯīϩ(qing)ȳʯīϩɱV(yng)ڸI(lng)糬ppwC(j)ϵ(j)䃞(yu)Č(do)ʹI(lng)Ҳоđ(yng)Ýʯīϩпܕ(hu)ɞƷ쳬;wÁ(li)a(chn)δ(li)ij(j)Ӌ(j)C(j)̼Ԫظߵwʿʹδ(li)Ӌ(j)C(j)@øߵٶʯīϩ߀һN(yu)ĸԄԴI(lng)(j)x늳ط߂(do)߱ȱem늘OʯīϩF(xin)ڌ(sh)(yn)2004(dng)r(sh)Ӣ(gu)˹شW(xu)ăλƌW(xu)ҰҡķͿ˹Zl(f)F(xin)һNdz(jin)εķõԽ(li)ԽʯīƬʯīЄxʯīƬȻƬăճһNz˺_(ki)zܰʯīƬһ֞@ӲDZƬԽ(li)Խõ˃Hһ̼ԭӘ(gu)ɵıƬ@ʯīϩ@ԺƂʯīϩ·ӳF(jng)^(gu)5İl(f)չ˂l(f)F(xin)ʯīϩ빤I(y)a(chn)I(lng)ўr(sh)h(yun) ˣ2010@ZؐW(xu)(jing)
ʯīϩijF(xin)ڿƌW(xu)缤˾IJ˂l(f)F(xin)ʯīϩзͬČ(do)F(sh)ʮď(qing)Ⱥ͘OõijF(xin)ڬF(xin)ӿƼI(lng)l(f)һ݆ʯīϩ܉OЧwy(tng)İ댧(do)w͌(do)w~h(yun)](mi)ʯīϩF(xin)úӺԭӵײy(tng)İ댧(do)w͌(do)wßʽጷһЩĿǰһXоƬ@NʽM(fi)70%-80%ʯīϩtͬ(hu)pģ@ʹ˷ͬă(yu)
ʯīϩĽY(ji)(gu)
[sp2s̼|(zh)ϵĻMɆԪ]
sp2s̼|(zh)ϵĻMɆԪ
ʯīϩ̼Ԫh(hun)MɵăɾS(2D)ڷCc(din)ꇽY(ji)(gu), NS(0D)ĸϩ(fullerene),һS(1D)̼{(carbon nano-tube, CNT)߶ѶS(3D)ʯī(graphite), ʯīϩǘ(gu)ʯīϵĻԪʯīϩĻY(ji)(gu)ԪЙC(j)(wn)ıԪh(hun), ĿǰĶS{ײ.ʯīϩY(ji)(gu)ƽ߅c(din)Կһӱxʯīÿ(g)̼ԭӾsp2sؕI(xin)ʣһ(g)p܉ϵγɴIӿƄ(dng)xʯīϩõČ(do)SʯīϩY(ji)(gu)Կγsp2s̼|(zh)ϵĻMɆԪ
ʯīϩc̼Ԫصą^(q)e
[Όʯīϩ]
Όʯīϩ
ڽ20̼Ԫ(gu)оˆTĘOdȤԸϩ̼{ܱƌW(xu)Ұl(f)F(xin)ԺSĽʯSʯīһS̼{ܡSĸM̼ϵʯīƬӽY(ji)(gu)һֱԁ(li)оһ(g)c(din)ʯīwxĶSΌʯī̼ԭӌ(Graphene)ǜ(zhn)SY(ji)(gu)̼ϡʯīԿǶʯīϩƬѶǰB^(gu)̼{ܿԿǾɈAͲʯīϩ(dng)ʯīϩľдԪh(hun)ľr(sh)ʯīϩƬ(hu)l(f)N,Ա㿴ͨ^(gu)(g)Ԫh(hun)Ԫh(hun)m(dng)еõġ
ʯīϩ
\(yn)ݔ
ڰl(f)F(xin)ʯīϩǰ(sh)еԒW(xu)J(rn)飬W(xu)q䲻SκζSwޜض´ԣİl(f)F(xin)ۑB(ti)mȻՓ͌(sh)(yn)綼J(rn)ĶSY(ji)(gu)o(w)ڷǽ^(du)ȷ(wn)džΌʯīϩڌ(sh)(yn)бƂ(li)@ЩܚwY(ji)ʯīϩڼ{(j)eϵ^Ť
ʯīϩ߀F(xin)ˮ(sh)ӻО늌(do)=2e²/h,6e²/h,10e²/h.... 늌(do)攵(sh)ҿҜ^y(c)@(g)ОѱƌW(xu)ҽጞ顰ʯīϩ(du)ՓW(xu)](mi)o|(zh)
(do)
ʯīϩY(ji)(gu)dz(wn)ֹоδl(f)F(xin)ʯīϩ̼ԭȱʧrʯīϩи̼ԭ֮gBӷdzg(dng)ʩⲿC(j)еr(sh)̼ԭ͏׃Ķʹ̼ԭӲЁ(li)m(yng)Ҳͱ˽Y(ji)(gu)(wn)@N(wn)ľY(ji)(gu)ʹ̼ԭӾЃ(yu)Č(do)ʯīϩе܉Ƅ(dng)r(sh)(hu)ȱݻ(li)ԭӶl(f)ɢ䡣ԭgʮ֏(qing)ڳʹ܇̼ԭӰl(f)Dײʯīϩܵĸɔ_ҲdzС
ʯīϩӵ\(yn)(dng)ٶ_(d)˹ٵ1/300h(yun)h(yun)^(gu)һ㌧(do)wе\(yn)(dng)ٶ@ʹʯīϩе(zhn)_(yng)Q顰dӡ(electric charge carrier)|(zh)(du)ՓԵӷdzơ
ʯīϩஔ(dng)?sh)IJȣմs2.3%ĿҊ(jin)@Ҳʯīϩd(du)ՓԵwF(xin)
C(j)е
ʯīϩ֪(qing)ߵ|(zh)@ʯ߀(jin)Ӳ(qing)ȱõF߀Ҫ100炐ȁW(xu)W(xu)Ҍ(du)ʯīϩęC(j)еM(jn)ȫоԇ(yn)^(gu)xȡһЩֱ1020ʯīϩо(du)оˆTnj@ЩʯīϩƷһ(g)汻@Сľw@Щֱ11.5֮g֮ýʯƳɵ̽ᘌ(du)@ЩСϵʯīϩʩӉԜy(c)ԇij
оˆTl(f)F(xin)ʯīϩƷ_(ki)ʼǰÿ100{xϿɳܵȻ_(d)˴s2.9ţ(j)ƌW(xu)҂y(c)@һY(ji)ஔ(dng)Ҫʩ55ţDĉʹ1L(zhng)ʯīϩѡW(xu)҂ȡஔ(dng)ͨʳƷϰbģȼs100{ףʯīϩôҪʩӲf(wn)ţĉ܌䳶QԒf(shu)ʯīϩƳɰbôܴܳsɇصƷ
ӵ
(qing)ݗԴ(gu)ݴW(xu)炐ȁW(xu)̈́ڂ˹(gu)Ҍ(sh)(yn)ҵW(xu)Ұl(f)F(xin)ʯīϩܣʯīϩgԼcCŸg(qing)ҵ
ƌW(xu)ҽ(gu)ڂ˹(gu)Ҍ(sh)(yn)ҵġM(jn)ԴALSͬ@(g)a(chn)Ĺݗஔ(dng)t(y)W(xu)X侀(qing)ȵ1|ƌW(xu)@һ(qing)Դ^y(c)l(f)F(xin)ʯīϩеӲHc䳲֮gÏ(qing)ңӺ֮gҲк(qing)
W(xu)|(zh)
҂P(gun)ʯīϩW(xu)֪ǣʯī棬ʯīϩÓNԭӺͷı滯W(xu)ĽǶȁ(li)ʯīϩ|(zh)ʯīʯī(li)Ɯy(c)ʯīϩ|(zh)ʯīϩW(xu)Sڵđ(yng)ȻҪʯīϩĻW(xu)|(zh)õVP(gun)עһ(g)ò˷ϵKȱmڂy(tng)W(xu)ĘƷ@һc(din)δõQоʯīϩW(xu)Ry